... to Sinclair BASIC, for instance, semi-colons are used to separate statements instead of the colons used on the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>, and one-character labels may be used for GOTO and GOSUB statements. Other differences include the way the Atom stores variables and handles strings, the use of indirection operators, and its use of ...
A Comparision of Keywords on the BBC Micro (Models A & B),the Acorn Electron and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Overview The following is a list of keywords, operators and delimiters used on the BBC Micro (Models A & B), the Acorn Electron and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>.The BBC Micro was released in 1981 by Acorn Computers Ltd as a result of the British ...
Comparison of <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> BASIC and Camputers Lynx BASIC Overview The following is a list of keywords, operators and delimiters used on the Camputers Lynx microcomputer and the ZX Spectrum.Released in 1983, the Camputers Lynx shared features with many of the microcomputers around at the time. Among the features to be found on the Lynx ...
Comparison of BASIC Keywords Between <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> and the Commodore 64 Overview The following is a list of keywords, operators and delimiters used on the Commodore 64 computer and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>.The Commodore 64 was released in 1982, the same year as the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>, and outside of the United Kingdom, was the world's best selling home ...
A Comparision of Keywords on the Dragon 32/64, TRS-80 Color Computer and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Overview The following is a list of keywords, operators and delimiters used on the Dragon 32/64 & TRS-80 Color Computer 'CoCo' and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>.The Dragon and TRS machines are contempories of the Spectrum and as such have similar ...
Comparison of <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> BASIC with Oric 1 and Oric Atmos Extended BASIC Overview The following is a list of keywords, operators and delimiters used on the Oric 1 & Oric Atmos computers and the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>.The Oric 1 was produced by Tangerine Computer Sysems and released in 1982, just months after the launch of the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>. With its ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+ Introduction In October 1984, Sinclair Research introduced the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+, an updated version of the highly successful 48K <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>. The new machine replaced the distinctive rubber-key case with a larger, more conventional design and introduced a substantially improved keyboard, while retaining the Spectrum's ...
```php <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+ 128K Introduction The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+ 128K was the most substantial development of the Spectrum carried out by Sinclair Research. It doubled the memory of the 48K Spectrum, added a much more capable sound chip, introduced a new version of Sinclair BASIC and provided a number of facilities designed to make practical use ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> 16K and 48K Introduction The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> was launched by Sinclair Research in April 1982, following the success of the ZX81. Designed by Richard Altwasser and developed with Sinclair's emphasis on keeping costs low, it combined colour graphics, sound and a compact design with an unusually low launch price. Two versions were ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Keyboards and Keyboard Accessories The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>'s keyboard is quite adequate for typing in small programs or playing games, but trying to type in a long listing, or a letter on a word processor may leave your fingers aching! Furthermore, the Spectrum's 'dead flesh' rubber keyboard hides beneath it a membrane that is very ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Sound Amplifiers and Synthesizers The beeper originally installed inside the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> is actually just a buzzer which explains why the sound which comes from it is of low volume and poor quality, however it is sound none the less. The lack of quality sound from the Sinclair machine inspired a good many add-on peripherals ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Interfaces for Joysticks and ROM Cartridges Most joystick interfaces which connect to the Spectrum do so via the expansion port, are digital, and generally conform to the Atari D-type sockets and wiring standard. Exceptions to these are the joystick ports on the +2 and +3 Spectrums, which have D-type sockets but are wired ...
... statements The following list provides detailed explanations on cassette tape statement found on the ZX80, ZX81 and <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>. The ZX80 as only two statements, SAVE & LOAD which respectively save or load a complete program and its variables (with no filename).The ZX81 has the ability to save and load with a filename and also the ...
... commands and statements of the 128K models Overview What follows is a table of keywords for the 128K models of the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+. The original <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>+ 128K improved on the original <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> by increasing Random Access Memory (RAM) from 48K to 128K, this allowed for the use of a RAMdisk or as Sinclair called it a 'silicon ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Peripherals and Accessories The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>'s design was primarily driven by price, and at £125, the Spectrum was a lot cheaper than most of its contempories. To keep the price down, the Spectrum had to do without some of the 'luxuries' that were fitted as standard on its competitors. These 'luxuries' included things like ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Input Devices & Controllers Light Pens Features Original Price Add-on This light pen plugs into small box of electronics which the ZX Power Supply plugs into. A lead from the box plugs into the EAR socket once the supplied software has loaded. £30.001 Custom Cables International Comes with interface, software and ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Sound Simulator Explore the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>'s BEEP and PLAY sound commands directly in your browser. <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> BEEP Simulator Simulate the Standard <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>'s BEEP command. BEEP 1, 0 Duration (seconds) Pitch Play BEEP Stop Ready Frequency: 440 Hz Try an Example BEEP 1, 0 BEEP 1, 10 BEEP 1, -10 BEEP 0.25, 20 BBC BASIC SOUND ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> BASIC Keywords and Commands Reference All the Sinclair machines share many common keywords, most of these are similar but there are also many differences and peculiarities such as non-standard spelling between platforms. Take the Spectrum RANDOMIZE for example, on the ZX80 this was originally spelled in British-English as ...
Comparison of BASIC Keywords Between <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> and Other Microcomputers Most microcomputers of the 1970s and 1980s incorporated BASIC within their operating systems. On these computers BASIC was not just a programming language and interpreter, but also a Disk/Tape operating system, Command Line Interpreter, and Editor. There was also a ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> MIDI Interfaces and MIDI Keyboard Peripherals MIDI, or Musical Instrument Digital Interface, is an industry standard interface protocol for connecting digital musical instruments, computers, and other devices which comply with the MIDI standard. This is a small selection of MIDI devices which were designed for, or marketed ...
... of how the VAL$ function works and some possible uses Overview VAL$ is quoted as 'probably not very useful' in the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> User Manual and indeed there are not many examples of its use in the computer press.It is possible that this is because VAL$ was only given one paragraph in the user manual and it is not really explained ...
```php <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> TAP Loader Simulator Load a real .TAP file and watch, hear and visualise the tape signal as the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> receives it. Virtual Cassette Player 00:00 / 00:00 No tape loaded ▶ PLAY ■ STOP ◀ RESET Speed 0.25× 0.5× 1× 2× 4× No tape loaded Tape Signal Oscilloscope LOW EAR SIGNAL HIGH <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Loading Screen ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Speech Synthesizers and Recognition Devices Speech Synthesizers Features Original Price Sweet Talkerby Cheetah Marketing Allophone based with instructions and demo cassette.Compatible with ZX Interfaces 1 & 2 through rear edge connector. £29.95*1* Price includes V.A.T. and p&p μSpeechby Currah Included free speech game ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> UDG Designer Design, edit and store <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> User Defined Graphics. Create individual 8×8 UDGs or larger graphics made from multiple UDGs, then generate the data needed for Sinclair BASIC. Spectrum Model: 48K 128K Grid Size: 8 × 8 8 × 16 8 × 24 16 × 8 16 × 16 16 × 24 24 × 8 24 × 16 24 × 24 Clear Invert Flip ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Floating-Point Number Explorer Explore the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong>'s five-byte floating-point format and its short-integer format. Enter a number, change the hexadecimal bytes or click individual bits to see how the Spectrum represents the value. Explore APPLY INT Use Spectrum short integers when possible Five Bytes Edit the hexadecimal ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> RND Generator The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> does not generate truly random numbers. Instead, its RND function uses a mathematical algorithm to produce a sequence of pseudo-random numbers. When you use: RANDOMIZE n the Spectrum sets its internal random number state to: b = n + 1 The RANDOMIZE value can be from 1 to 65535. RANDOMIZE 0, or ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Memory Map Explorer Explore the memory layout of the <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> and see how the CPU address space, physical RAM, dynamic memory areas and hardware expansions interact. Select a Spectrum model and use the controls below to change the memory configuration. Main CPU Memory Map Hover over the map Move your mouse over a memory ...
A selection of routines for the ZX80 which simulate <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> functions Overview A suite of routines for converting <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> statements to work on the ZX80. FOR..NEXT loop with STEP A few examples of simulating a <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> FOR..NEXT loop with a STEP on a ZX80. The STEP can handle negative values. 10 LET START=42Where the loop ...
Expansion Systems (ii) This page is for <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> devices which do not quite fit into the first Expansion Systems page. At this time there are just two items, the Currah μSource, and the Skywave Software Forth IO Cartridge. More items and categories may be entered on this page in the future. Forth Cartridges Features Original Price ...
<strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Screen Memory Calculator The <strong>ZX Spectrum</strong> Screen Memory Calculator provides two useful ways to explore how the Spectrum's screen is stored in memory. The Character Cell and Address Lookup calculator lets you enter a PRINT AT line and column, or a screen-memory address, and see the corresponding display-file and attribute ...