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ZX Spectrum VAL$ Function Explained | String Conversion in Sinclair BASIC

A detailed guide to the ZX Spectrum VAL$ function in Sinclair BASIC, explaining numeric to string conversion, differences from VAL, and use with DEF FN and user-defined functions.

Acorn Atom vs ZX Spectrum BASIC Keyword Comparison

Compare and convert BASIC keywords between the Acorn Atom and ZX Spectrum. A side-by-side reference for retro programmers working across both 8-bit systems.

BBC BASIC vs ZX Spectrum BASIC | Keyword Comparison

A detailed comparison of BBC BASIC and ZX Spectrum BASIC keywords, syntax and programming differences. A reference for converting and understanding 8-bit BASIC dialects.

Dragon & TRS-80 CoCo BASIC vs ZX Spectrum BASIC | Keyword Comparison

Compare Dragon 32/64 and TRS-80 Color Computer BASIC with ZX Spectrum BASIC. A cross-platform keyword and syntax reference for 8-bit programmers.

QL SuperBASIC Keywords

A detailed overview of QL SuperBASIC keywords, including examples and syntax for programming on the Sinclair QL. Compare with ZX Spectrum BASIC keywords.

ZX Spectrum BASIC Tape Commands: LOAD, SAVE, VERIFY & MERGE

Complete guide to ZX Spectrum BASIC tape commands including LOAD, SAVE, VERIFY and MERGE. Syntax explanations, examples and cassette storage programming reference.

ZX Spectrum BASIC vs Camputers Lynx BASIC Comparison

Detailed comparison of ZX Spectrum BASIC keywords and Camputers Lynx BASIC commands, highlighting differences, similarities, and usage between the two systems.

ZX Spectrum BASIC vs Oric 1 and Oric Atmos BASIC Comparison

Detailed comparison of ZX Spectrum BASIC with Oric 1 and Oric Atmos Extended BASIC keywords and commands, highlighting similarities, differences, and programming variations between the systems.

ZX Spectrum vs Commodore 64 BASIC Keyword Comparison

Detailed comparison of ZX Spectrum BASIC and Commodore 64 BASIC keywords and commands, highlighting similarities, differences, and programming variations between the two systems.

ZX80 BASIC Keywords

Complete list of ZX80 BASIC keywords with explanations. Explore the original Sinclair ZX80 BASIC and its differences from later ZX Spectrum BASIC.

ZX80 Subroutines to Simulate ZX Spectrum Functions

A collection of ZX80 BASIC subroutines designed to simulate selected ZX Spectrum functions, extending the capabilities of the original Sinclair ZX80.

ZX81 BASIC Keywords

Complete list of ZX81 BASIC keywords with explanations. Explore Sinclair ZX81 BASIC and its relationship to ZX80 and ZX Spectrum programming.

Timex Sinclair 2068 BASIC Commands and Comparison

Guide to Timex Sinclair 2068 BASIC commands with comparison to ZX Spectrum BASIC. Syntax differences, extended commands and programming reference for TS2068 systems.

YS MegaBASIC Extended Keywords

Complete list of YS MegaBASIC extended keywords for ZX Spectrum. These additional commands complement standard Spectrum BASIC for advanced programming.

ZX Spectrum +128K Extra BASIC Keywords Explained

The extra keywords of +128K models

ZX Spectrum Backplane, Card Frame & Modular Expansion Systems

A historical catalogue of ZX Spectrum backplane, card frame and modular expansion systems including Velleman, USP, MUKBUS, Gordon Microframe and Basicare products available in the 1980s.

ZX Spectrum Expansion Systems (Part 2)

A historical archive of additional ZX Spectrum expansion systems including Forth cartridges and specialist hardware products from the 1980s.

ZX Spectrum Input Devices & Controllers

A historical overview of ZX Spectrum input devices including keyboards, joysticks, light pens, graphics tablets and specialist controllers available during the 1980s.

ZX Spectrum Joystick Interfaces & ROM Cartridge Interfaces

Explore our comprehensive list of ZX Spectrum joystick interfaces and ROM cartridge interfaces. Compare AGF, Kempston, Protec, and Sinclair peripherals for your Spectrum.

ZX Spectrum Keyboards & Keyboard Accessories

Browse our comprehensive collection of ZX Spectrum keyboards and accessories. Compare original, professional, and overlay keyboards for your Spectrum.

ZX Spectrum MIDI Interfaces & MIDI Keyboards

Discover MIDI interfaces and MIDI keyboard peripherals for the ZX Spectrum. Explore hardware and sound expansion options to connect MIDI devices with your Spectrum system.

ZX Spectrum Sound Amplifiers & Synthesizers

Explore ZX Spectrum sound peripherals including sound amplifiers and sound synthesizers. Learn how these add‑ons improve beeper audio and provide multi‑channel sound through AY chips.

ZX Spectrum Speech Synthesizers and Speech Recognition

Explore ZX Spectrum speech synthesizers and speech recognition peripherals. Compare hardware add-ons that add voice output and speech capabilities to classic Spectrum systems.

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ZX Spectrum Backplane, Card Frame & Modular Expansion Systems

Comparison of BASIC Keywords – ZX Spectrum vs Non‑Sinclair Microcomputers including Commodore 64

Compare BASIC keywords and commands of the ZX Spectrum with those of other non‑Sinclair microcomputers, including the Commodore 64, Acorn Atom, BBC Micro/Electron, Dragon, Oric, and Camputers Lynx.

ZX Spectrum BASIC Keywords & Commands

Comprehensive reference of ZX Spectrum BASIC keywords, commands, statements, and comparisons with other Sinclair BASIC variants on Mister Spectrum.

ZX Spectrum Peripherals Overview

Explore a comprehensive guide to ZX Spectrum peripherals including keyboards, joystick interfaces, light pens, MIDI hardware, sound amplifiers, synthesizers, expansion systems and more.